Recently, the National Center for Education Statistics (2021) closely examined the oral reading fluency and foundational skills of fourth-grade public school students who perform below Basic on the NAEP reading assessment (NAEP Basic). The results were alarming, particularly for black and Hispanic students. For context, oral reading fluency is important to measure because it is a reliable indicator of overall reading performance. A student’s ability to read fluently depends on his or her proficiency in both recognizing words quickly and accurately and understanding the structure of the English language, such as word meanings and grammar, for strong comprehension.